Andrea D'Agostino, Author at Towards Data Science https://towardsdatascience.com Publish AI, ML & data-science insights to a global community of data professionals. Mon, 07 Jul 2025 22:20:21 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.8.1 https://towardsdatascience.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/cropped-Favicon-32x32.png Andrea D'Agostino, Author at Towards Data Science https://towardsdatascience.com 32 32 POSET Representations in Python Can Have a Huge Impact on Business https://towardsdatascience.com/poset-representations-in-python-have-huge-impact-on-business/ Mon, 07 Jul 2025 22:19:51 +0000 https://towardsdatascience.com/?p=606512 Discover how POSET indicators transform data into coherent scoring systems, enabling meaningful comparisons while preserving the data’s multi-dimensional semantic structure.

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]]> Feature Engineering Techniques for Numerical Variables in Python https://towardsdatascience.com/feature-engineering-techniques-for-numerical-variables-in-python-4bd42e8bded7/ Tue, 24 Sep 2024 16:59:40 +0000 https://towardsdatascience.com/feature-engineering-techniques-for-numerical-variables-in-python-4bd42e8bded7/ Learn the most useful feature engineering techniques to convert numerical values ​​into useful information for your predictive model using...

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]]> Guiding an LLM’s Response to Create Structured Output https://towardsdatascience.com/guiding-an-llms-response-to-create-structured-output-5dde0d3e426b/ Fri, 21 Jun 2024 07:17:27 +0000 https://towardsdatascience.com/guiding-an-llms-response-to-create-structured-output-5dde0d3e426b/ Learn how to structure a language model's response to ensure that the response format is respected, such as JSON

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]]> Extract any entity from text with GLiNER https://towardsdatascience.com/extract-any-entity-from-text-with-gliner-32b413cea787/ Sun, 24 Mar 2024 14:41:50 +0000 https://towardsdatascience.com/extract-any-entity-from-text-with-gliner-32b413cea787/ GLiNER is an NER model that can identify any type of entity using a bidirectional transformer encoder (similar to BERT) that outperforms...

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]]> Introduction to PCA in Python with Sklearn, Pandas, and Matplotlib https://towardsdatascience.com/introduction-to-pca-in-python-with-sklearn-pandas-and-matplotlib-476880f30238/ Wed, 06 Sep 2023 22:55:43 +0000 https://towardsdatascience.com/introduction-to-pca-in-python-with-sklearn-pandas-and-matplotlib-476880f30238/ Learn the intuition behind PCA in Python and Sklearn by transforming a multidimensional dataset into an arbitrary number of dimensions and...

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]]> Data Leakage: What It Is and Why It Causes Our Predictive Systems to Fail https://towardsdatascience.com/data-leakage-what-it-is-and-why-it-causes-our-predictive-systems-to-fail-4e5ed008489b/ Fri, 04 Aug 2023 06:56:45 +0000 https://towardsdatascience.com/data-leakage-what-it-is-and-why-it-causes-our-predictive-systems-to-fail-4e5ed008489b/ Data leakage represents, together with over/underfitting, the main cause of failure of machine learning projects that go into production

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]]> A guide to handling categorical variables in Python https://towardsdatascience.com/guide-to-handling-categorical-variables-in-python-854d0b65a6ae/ Fri, 16 Jun 2023 08:59:52 +0000 https://towardsdatascience.com/guide-to-handling-categorical-variables-in-python-854d0b65a6ae/ A guide on how to approach categorical variables for machine learning and data science purposes

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]]> Introduction to statistical sampling and resampling https://towardsdatascience.com/introduction-to-statistical-sampling-and-resampling-1a6110965c3a/ Tue, 16 May 2023 18:27:17 +0000 https://towardsdatascience.com/introduction-to-statistical-sampling-and-resampling-1a6110965c3a/ Statistical sampling is a fundamental block of statistics that allows us to obtain information on the population of interest efficiently...

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]]> How to identify outliers in data with Python https://towardsdatascience.com/how-to-identify-outliers-in-data-with-python-a9fe40235064/ Fri, 12 May 2023 19:29:23 +0000 https://towardsdatascience.com/how-to-identify-outliers-in-data-with-python-a9fe40235064/ An article exploring techniques for outlier detection in datasets. Learn how to use data visualization, z-scores, and clustering techniques...

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]]> Vector Representations for Machine Learning https://towardsdatascience.com/vector-representations-for-machine-learning-5047c50aaeff/ Tue, 25 Apr 2023 15:56:06 +0000 https://towardsdatascience.com/vector-representations-for-machine-learning-5047c50aaeff/ How data scientists convert real-world objects in numerical representation for the development of machine learning models

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]]> Introduction to PyTorch: from training loop to prediction https://towardsdatascience.com/introduction-to-pytorch-from-training-loop-to-prediction-a70372764432/ Tue, 28 Mar 2023 16:48:28 +0000 https://towardsdatascience.com/introduction-to-pytorch-from-training-loop-to-prediction-a70372764432/ An introduction to PyTorch's training loop and general approach to tackle the library's steeper initial learning curve

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]]> L1 vs L2 Regularization in Machine Learning: Differences, Advantages and How to Apply Them in… https://towardsdatascience.com/l1-vs-l2-regularization-in-machine-learning-differences-advantages-and-how-to-apply-them-in-72eb12f102b5/ Thu, 23 Feb 2023 14:03:50 +0000 https://towardsdatascience.com/l1-vs-l2-regularization-in-machine-learning-differences-advantages-and-how-to-apply-them-in-72eb12f102b5/ Delving into L1 and L2 regularization techniques in Machine Learning to explain why they are important to prevent model overfitting

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]]> How to Train a Word2Vec Model from Scratch with Gensim https://towardsdatascience.com/how-to-train-a-word2vec-model-from-scratch-with-gensim-c457d587e031/ Mon, 06 Feb 2023 20:13:04 +0000 https://towardsdatascience.com/how-to-train-a-word2vec-model-from-scratch-with-gensim-c457d587e031/ In this article we will explore Gensim, a very popular Python library for training text-based machine learning models, to train a Word2Vec...

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]]> Benchmarking Machine Learning Models with Cross-Validation and Matplotlib in Python https://towardsdatascience.com/benchmarking-machine-learning-models-with-cross-validation-and-matplotlib-in-python-4957a41149e/ Mon, 23 Jan 2023 13:19:21 +0000 https://towardsdatascience.com/benchmarking-machine-learning-models-with-cross-validation-and-matplotlib-in-python-4957a41149e/ Learn how to create an object-oriented approach to compare and evaluate the performance of machine learning models using cross-validation...

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]]> How to prepare data for K-fold cross-validation in Machine Learning https://towardsdatascience.com/how-to-prepare-data-for-k-fold-cross-validation-in-machine-learning-924a44ec322c/ Mon, 19 Dec 2022 18:42:54 +0000 https://towardsdatascience.com/how-to-prepare-data-for-k-fold-cross-validation-in-machine-learning-924a44ec322c/ Cross-validation is the first technique to use to avoid overfitting and data leakage when we want to train a predictive model on our data. Its function is essential as it allows us to test functions and logics on our data in a safe way – namely, avoiding that these processes contaminate our validation data. If […]

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]]> Get started with TensorFlow 2.0 – Introduction to deep learning https://towardsdatascience.com/a-comprehensive-introduction-to-tensorflows-sequential-api-and-model-for-deep-learning-c5e31aee49fa/ Tue, 22 Nov 2022 19:46:16 +0000 https://towardsdatascience.com/a-comprehensive-introduction-to-tensorflows-sequential-api-and-model-for-deep-learning-c5e31aee49fa/ Kickstart your understanding of one of TensorFlow's most powerful set of tools for deep learning

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]]> Why having many features can hinder your model’s performance https://towardsdatascience.com/why-having-many-features-can-hinder-your-models-performance-865369b6b8b1/ Fri, 21 Oct 2022 15:41:32 +0000 https://towardsdatascience.com/why-having-many-features-can-hinder-your-models-performance-865369b6b8b1/ The activity of feature engineering can be very useful for improving the performance of a predictive model. However, it could worsen our...

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]]> Content tagging with fuzzy logic in Python https://towardsdatascience.com/content-tagging-with-fuzzy-logic-in-python-d9041c572cac/ Tue, 11 Oct 2022 14:02:37 +0000 https://towardsdatascience.com/content-tagging-with-fuzzy-logic-in-python-d9041c572cac/ Learn how to use a simple script to tag textual content with fuzzy logic

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]]> What Is the Difference Between Machine Learning and Deep Learning? https://towardsdatascience.com/what-is-the-difference-between-machine-learning-and-deep-learning-d0fb539e07a1/ Thu, 15 Sep 2022 14:23:38 +0000 https://towardsdatascience.com/what-is-the-difference-between-machine-learning-and-deep-learning-d0fb539e07a1/ An introduction for new learners to these two, often misleading, concepts in data science

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]]> What is cross-validation in machine learning https://towardsdatascience.com/what-is-cross-validation-in-machine-learning-14d2a509d6a5/ Tue, 30 Aug 2022 15:40:08 +0000 https://towardsdatascience.com/what-is-cross-validation-in-machine-learning-14d2a509d6a5/ Learn what cross-validation is - a fundamental technique for building generalizable models

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